Plagiarism, the act of taking another’s work and presenting it as your own, is a serious offense with ethical and academic consequences. To effectively combat plagiarism, it’s crucial to understand its various forms. This article merges insights from several sources to create a comprehensive overview of the different types of plagiarism:
1. Turnitin White Paper (2016):
- Clone: Submitting another’s work entirely as your own, without any alteration.
- CTRL+C: Incorporating significant portions of text from a single source without changes.
- Find-Replace: Replacing key terms and phrases while retaining the core content of the source.
- Remix: Paraphrasing from multiple sources, weaving them together to create a new text.
- Recycle: Borrowing heavily from your own previous work without proper citation.
- Hybrid: Combining correctly cited sources with uncited, copied passages.
- Mashup: Mixing copied materials from various sources.
- 404 Error: Including citations to non-existent or inaccurate source information.
- Aggregator: Properly citing sources, but offering minimal original content.
- Re-Tweet: Citing a source but heavily relying on its original wording and structure.
2. iThenticate (2013):
- Secondary Sources (Inaccurate Citation): Citing only the primary sources mentioned within a secondary source, neglecting to credit the secondary source itself.
- Invalid Source (Misleading Citations, Fabrication, Falsification): Referencing incorrect or non-existent sources, either due to carelessness or deliberate intent to deceive.
- Duplication (Self-Plagiarism, Reuse): Reusing content from your own previous studies without proper attribution. The ethical implications depend on the nature and extent of the reused content.
- Paraphrasing (Plagiarism, Intellectual Theft): Rephrasing another’s work without proper citation, creating the false impression that the idea or research is original. This ranges from minor rephrasing to complete rewriting while retaining the core concept.
- Repetitive Research (Self-Plagiarism, Reuse): Duplicating data or text from a similar study with the same methodology in a new study, without properly citing the earlier research.
- Replication (Author Submission Violation): Submitting the same manuscript to multiple publications, resulting in duplicate publication.
- Misleading Attribution (Inaccurate Authorship): Providing an inaccurate or incomplete list of authors who contributed to a work, either excluding deserving individuals or including those who made no contribution.
- Unethical Collaboration (Inaccurate Authorship): Failing to acknowledge the collaborative nature of a study and the contributions of other participants, potentially using shared data, findings, and ideas without proper citation.
- Verbatim Plagiarism (Copy & Paste): Copying another’s work word-for-word without quotation marks or attribution. This can involve citing the source but not indicating a direct quote or omitting any citation altogether.
- Complete Plagiarism (Intellectual Theft, Stealing): The most extreme form, where an entire study or work is copied from another researcher and presented under your own name.
3. John Walker (2010):
- Verbatim: Copying text directly without mentioning the source.
- Sham: Properly citing the source but not paraphrasing the text.
- Purloining: Presenting all or a significant portion of another student’s work, with or without their permission.
4. Diane Pecorari (2010):
- Prototypical Plagiarism: Using words or ideas from a source without proper acknowledgment and with the intent to deceive.
- Patchwriting: Copying from a source and modifying it by changing words, grammar, or using synonyms, but still lacking proper citation.
5. Pritchett (2010):
- Paraphrasing Plagiarism: Plagiarism occurs during the paraphrasing stage, where the core idea is retained without proper citation.
By understanding these diverse types of plagiarism, you can equip yourself to identify and avoid them, fostering academic integrity and ethical research practices. Remember, responsible scholarship requires giving credit where credit is due and presenting your own original work with pride.
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Source Credit:Nur-E Hafsa School of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of English, Southeast University, Bangladesh, Journal of Education and Practicewww.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.12, No.3, 2021
